STORY BOARD SPEAKING SKILL

STORY BOARD FOR SPEAKING SKILL

Unit 1  :  Giving Command Expression

No KD	Activity	Text/ Presentation	Picture	Video	Test/Quiz/Task	Syllabus/ Calendar	Link: URL	Glossary	Instructional Method
1	Telling and giving a command or also known as the imperative form.	Presentation	When someone give a command to other people in polite words.	The imperative form	Task	One week	- http://classroom-english-expression.blogspot.com/2012/05/unit-6.html?m=1 - https://www.learnamericanenglishonline.com/Red%20Level/R4%20Commands.html - https://dictionary.cambridge.org/amp/british-grammar/functions/commands-and-instructions - http://changingminds.org/techniques/language/syntax/commands.htm - https://youtu.be/c2dGHKcdJOg	·         Ensure you gain attention first, for example by using their name. ·       Use simple sentences and short phrases. ·       Say exactly what you want the person to do. ·       Speak louder. ·       Speak slower. ·       Add emphasis to key words. ·       Align your body, perhaps using power body language. ·       Lower the tone of the whole sentence, particularly at the end.	Cooperative learning (think - pair - share)

Commands and instructions

Giving commands

We often use an imperative in commands, and we also use must. They both sound very direct:

[in class]

Stop talking now!

[a father to his child]

Don’t press that button.

[a mother to a child]

You must wear a coat. It’s raining.

There are a number of ways of making commands sound more polite. We can add please at the end of what we say, or we can use a question form to make a command sound more like a request, or we can use I’d like you to + infinitive or I’d be grateful if you’d + infinitive without to:

[a boss to an assistant]

Ask Max to sign this form and then send it off immediately please, Gwyn.

Will you bring us the files on the Hanley case please, Maria?

I’d like you to bring us four coffees at eleven when we take a break in the meeting.

I’d be grateful if you didn’t tell anyone about this.

Public notices

Public notices often give direct commands using no, do not or must:

Giving instructions

We use instructions to tell someone how to do something. We usually use imperatives. They do not sound too direct in this context:

[a cookery class]

Beat four eggs, like this. Then add the flour gradually. Don’t beat the eggs too much though.

[instructions on how to replace a missing button]

Thread your needle with a piece of thread about 25 cm long. Mark the spot where you want the button. Insert the needle from the back of the fabric and bring it through …

Spoken English:

In speaking, we often use the present simple when we are giving instructions and demonstrations, and we say like so meaning ‘like this’:

You fold the A4 piece of paper like so. Then you glue some shapes onto this side and sprinkle some glitter on it like so.

See also:

Imperative clauses (Be quiet!)

Commands

Also known as the imperative form, commands are very easy to use. Begin the sentence with a verb and end with an object, a person or a thing. Tell someone to do something: * Answer the phone, please.  * Drive to the post office.  * Help me find this information. The subject in each of these sentences is "you," but it doesn't sound correct to use the subject. * You answer the phone, please. * You drive to the post office. * You help me. Tell someone not to do something: * Don't do that. (The subject is "you.") * Don't hit him. * Don't drive a car without a seat belt. In each sentence above, the present tense is used and the subject is "you. The polite form of a command uses the word "please." * Please give that to me. * Pass the potatoes, please. (Use the word "pass" when you sit at a table with other people and eat food.)

Using commands

Method Gain compliance to your commands by using a number of methods: ·       Ensure you gain attention first, for example by using their name. ·       Use simple sentences and short phrases. ·       Say exactly what you want the person to do. ·       Speak louder. ·       Speak slower. ·       Add emphasis to key words. ·       Align your body, perhaps using power body language. ·       Lower the tone of the whole sentence, particularly at the end. You need not use all of these methods at once and should always use them appropriately, given the situation. The more stress you add to the other person, the more likely you are to trigger dysfunctional coping mechanisms. When you are unable to give commands, you can phrase the request for action as questions, but still use the above methods. Depending on the intonation, body language, etc. this may be a subtle nudge or can appear as a veiled threat. Example Go to bed. (simple command) Go upstairs and get into bed. (compound command) Jeff, are you going to go to bed? (hidden command) Discussion A command is a sentence that is intended to achieve compliance in others, getting them to act in a certain way. Speaking louder and slower and using emphasis creates contrast with surrounding words and hence causes further attention. The intonation of a command is usually fairly flat, with the pitch at the end usually declining slightly to add further emphasis. A lower overall pitch makes a voice sound more 'masculine' and triggers primitive responses (a lower voice can be an indicator of greater levels of testosterone). Margaret Thatcher, the UK Prime Minister in the 1980s, learned to lower her voice in order to be more commanding. Using the volume, speed, pitch, etc. of a command, but using the form of a question causes cognitive dissonance which may lead to the person accepting the command, but not feeling able to challenge it as the verbal form is an innocuous question. Note that compliance does not necessarily mean agreement. If you want the other person to buy into your ideas, then simply telling them to do so is not a particularly good idea.